Capturing Bangalore to Bengaluru 

A primer to Bengaluru, author Shoba Narayan’s latest book Namma Bangalore captures the essence of a city that embraces diversity  .

Bangalore is a place that is hard to get away from. Most people come here and rarely leave,” writes Shoba Narayan in the introduction to her sixth book, Namma Bangalore: The Soul of a Metropolis, which was recently launched among a niche crowd in Bengaluru. With all-things old Bangalore, the setting at a city hotel saw the attendance of the likes of entrepreneur Nandan and Rohini Nilekani; historian-writer Ramachandra Guha; and Consul-General of Italy in Bengaluru Alfonso Tagliaferri. 

Narayan, who moved from Chennai decades ago calls Bengaluru her home today. “I moved here 18 years ago. But I only started writing this after 15 years of living here, so I would say it took me that long to understand the city. It takes a while to get a sense of the space and what makes a city tick. One has to figure out how to distil the essence of a city into a book because every city is so complex. Bengaluru, specifically, is a city of many layers,” she says.  

The idea of the book began about two years ago when Narayan started writing a column about Bengaluru, as a way to understand the city. “The book is divided into sections so that the reader can navigate the city with ease. The sections include the metropolis, food, drinks, art and culture, gender, neighbourhoods, and so on,” she says, adding, “The hard part was converting my columns, writings of which were time-bound, into a book with a much longer view.”

The book tries to capture the essence of Bengaluru, which is so welcoming and warm to new people. “Bengaluru is a softer city and that is what makes us feel like we belong here. I feel it’s so because it is at the crossroads of many states. There are families where the father speaks Telugu and at the same time will speak to the children in Kannada.”

Recounting things that surprised her, she said that while people think Bengaluru is a very new city, there are parts that are very old. “Just because we are a young city, doesn’t mean we are a new city. It was surprising to me that in Indiranagar, there is an inscription which is 1,000 years old,” says Narayan. 

She believes that this book would have helped her if she had it when she first came to the city. “This is a primer to Bengaluru. It’s like having a friend who holds your hand and says, ‘Hey, this is my city, this is what is so great about it and let me show you my city’.”

source/content: newindianexpress.com (headline edited)

NATIONAL / KARNATAKA: MEDICAL & HEALTH CARE SERVICES: Mangaluru’s ‘First Neuro, Brain & Spine Speciality Hospital’ Conferred with ‘Best Emerging Stroke Unit in India’ Award

First Neuro, Brain & Spine Super Speciality Hospital, Mangaluru is proud to announce that it has been honoured with the prestigious award for Best Emerging Stroke Unit in India. This recognition comes in light of the hospital’s unwavering commitment to excellence in stroke care and its continuous efforts to enhance patient outcomes.

The VOH (Voice of Healthcare) in association with ISA (Indian Stroke Association) recognized First Neuro, Brain & Spine Super Speciality Hospital for its outstanding contributions to stroke care, particularly in the areas of rapid response, advanced treatments and patient-focused care and presented The Best Emerging Stroke Unit award. This acknowledgement reaffirms the hospital’s dedication to providing high-quality stroke care services to the community. Dr Mohammed Shameem K A, consultant neurologist, received the award at the event, which took place on October 27 at the Taj Skyline in Ahmedabad.

“We are deeply honoured to receive the Best Emerging Stroke Unit award,” said Dr Rajesh Shetty, managing director at First Neuro Brain & Spine Super Speciality Hospital. “This recognition is a testament to the hard work and dedication of our entire team who strive relentlessly to deliver exceptional care to our stroke patients. We remain committed to advancing our stroke care services and ensuring the best possible outcomes for our patients.”

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. First Neuro Brain & Spine Super Speciality Hospital is committed to raising awareness about stroke prevention, symptoms, and treatments. The hospital’s multidisciplinary team of experts, employ the latest technologies and evidence-based practices to provide comprehensive stroke care to patients, including emergency interventions, rehabilitation, and ongoing support for stroke survivors and their families.
This award serves as a validation of First Neuro Brain & Spine Super Speciality Hospital’s efforts to continuously improve its stroke care services. The hospital remains dedicated to investing in training, research, and state-of-the-art facilities to ensure that patients receive the best possible care when it matters the most.

First Neuro Brain and Spine Super-Specialty Hospital in Mangaluru is indeed a significant development in the healthcare sector for the coastal city. Neurological issues related to the brain and spine are complex and often require specialized expertise and state-of-the-art facilities for diagnosis and treatment.

Here are some potential benefits and highlights of having such a dedicated neuro hospital in the region:

Specialized Care: With a team of highly professional and specialized doctors and healthcare staff, the hospital can provide focused care for patients dealing with neurological disorders. This includes conditions such as brain tumors, spinal injuries, epilepsy, stroke, and more.
Advanced Technology: Specialized neuro hospitals typically invest in advanced medical equipment and technology to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment. This ensures that patients have access to cutting-edge medical care.
Comprehensive Services: Neuro hospitals often offer a wide range of services, including neurosurgery, neurology, neuro-rehabilitation, and pain management. This comprehensive approach to neurological healthcare can greatly benefit patients in need.
Improving Healthcare Standards: The presence of a specialized neuro hospital can also lead to an overall improvement in healthcare standards in the region. It may encourage other medical facilities to enhance their services and competencies.
Patient Convenience: Having a dedicated neuro hospital means that patients can access specialized care in a single location, which can make the healthcare journey more convenient and less stressful.

In summary, the introduction of First Neuro Brain and Spine Super-Specialty Hospital in Mangaluru is a significant development that can enhance the region’s healthcare services, particularly in the field of neurosciences. It represents a commitment to improving patient care, advancing medical knowledge, and offering specialized treatments for neurological conditions, ultimately benefiting the local community.

For more information about First Neuro Brain & Spine Super Speciality Hospital and its stroke care services, please visit www.firstneuro.in

Email: info@firstneuro.in
Ph: 0824 2276633/0824 4293333, Mob: 9343442488

source/content: daijiworld.com (headline edited)

KARNATAKA: AGRICULTURE : A Veterinary Doctor P Manohar Upadhya’s Passion to Save ‘naada mavu’ of Coastal Belt and Creating ‘Maavu Mantapa’ a Mango Gene Bank

P. Manohar Upadhya of Mangaluru purchases 5.4 acres of land at Kukkila to conserve local mango varieties under threat and create a mango gene bank.

A veterinary doctor and surgeon in Mangaluru has begun conserving varieties of “naada mavu” (local mango) of the coastal belt by planting their grafted saplings on 5.4 acres of land at Kukkila in Dakshina Kannada.

P. Manohar Upadhya purchased the unused land only to conserve the local mango varieties which are under threat owing to various factors in Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, and Kasaragod (Kerala) districts. Kukkila, about 38 km from Mangaluru, is in Vitla Padnur village in Bantwal taluk.

“No commercial interest is involved in the initiative. Once the plants are stable and start yielding, anybody can use their scions for multiplication to save the varieties for future,” Dr. Upadhya told The Hindu.

The planting of the saplings with drip irrigation facility began this September 17. So far, 382 plants, with 300 odd varieties, have been planted. The saplings planted included 90% local varieties and 10% hybrid and exotic varieties.

In all, the doctor wants to conserve 475 varieties by planting their grafted saplings within the next one or two years. The doctor has named the mango gene bank as “Maavu Mantapa”.

Why local mango?

Unlike hybrid and exotic varieties, the “naada mavu” in addition to table purpose can be used to prepare a variety of delicacies like “gojju”, “tambuli”, “beratti”, “payasa”, “rasayana”, “mamubla”, and pickles. The hybrid and exotic varieties are mainly meant for table purpose (for only eating). The taste of each local mango variety differs.

“The types of taste which hybrid and exotic varieties provide are limited. While local mangos offer a number of flavours,” he said, adding that the characteristics of the local variety are not lost when they are grafted for planting purpose. The grafted plants yield early and the canopy of the tree is also not vast when compared to the ones raised through seeds.

Jackfruit conservation too in the offing

In addition to the mango, Dr. Upadhya wants to cultivate 75 varieties of local jackfruit of the coastal belt on the same land in the next two years.

“So far no jackfruit saplings have been planted. We may plant 20 to 30 saplings this year,” he said.

The use of local jackfruit varieties differed. Some are best suited to prepare only “dosa”, while some are meant for making only chips. Some are suited to make “payasa”, while a few are meant to be used as vegetable.

Dr. Upadhya said that like him many others are also conserving local mango/jackfruit varieties in their own way. Some of them are Maaphalathota Subrya Bhat of Markanja, Deva Rao of Mittabagilu, Venkatakrishna Sharma of Muliya, Shivaprasad Varmudi of Perla, Chandrashekara Udupa of Kenchanur, and Kukkemane Shivakumar of Madikeri.

The doctor said that the scion collection for his initiative was done by NaaMaami Group, an informal group of like-minded people involved in the conservation of local fruit and other varieties.

Many local mango, jackfruit varieties in the coastal belt have been lost while widening local roads and highways and building infrastructure projects and constructing buildings.

source/content: thehindu.com (headline edited)

NATIONAL / KARNATAKA: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE: How a Space for Biological Sciences shaped up in Bengaluru

An event at National Centre for Biological Sciences traced the premier institute’s genesis and growth over the last two and a half decades.

U.B. Poornima, the first resident architect of the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), remembers what the campus was like in 1994 when she first landed there.

“The compound wall construction was already done, and a sump was being laid,” she recalls. But the land, back then, was barren, a far cry from today’s bustling, verdant campus. “Only snakes were seen crawling around,” she says at “Building (for) Biology: The NCBS Campus”, an event that consisted of a historical campus walk, followed by a talk that delved into the genesis of the institute and its campus.

Nostalgia and memory, often tinctured with humour, repeatedly made their way into this event, part of a public lecture series regularly held by the Archives at NCBS that sought to “understand the environment built for doing science, how space shapes the culture of science, and how science, too, is shaped by the space it inhabits,” as the event’s invitation put it, adding that the campus walkthrough is an experiment in seeing the space as a historical site.

Insights and changes

Peppered with insights from these campus members and enlivened by questions from curious audience members, the walk ended up becoming a freewheeling discussion on various aspects of the campus, ranging from the rationale behind the lovely view of the lawns at the Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines to how the pond on campus became one, about the first set of buildings designed by the Delhi-based architect Raj Rewal and the curious case of how the Godrej locks in campus housing could once be opened with a single key (a mistake that was rectified).

“A lot of changes have happened since we moved into the campus … people grew, space grew, a lot more occupants in the building,” says Poornima, while T.M. Sahadevan, who served as the first administrative officer at NCBS, lingers on the somewhat serendipitous origins of the campus.

“There were a lot of problems,” he says, recalling how when the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) first approached the government of Karnataka, wanting to set up NCBS in Bengaluru, they were told that no more expansion in Bengaluru was possible since Hosur was already putting a load on Bangalore back then.

“Then someone suggested that we ask GKVK,” he says, adding that this came through. “We got 20 acres of land and took over in February,” remembers Sahadevan, the first TIFR person to set foot on campus back in 1991.

Admittedly, the event was somewhat unstructured, unearthing the memories and lived experiences of some of its past and present campus members rather than a linear building biography. Still, it succeeded in leaving attendees more enlightened (and often amused) by the end.

A 25-year-old history

According to the NCBS website, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) has been directly or indirectly responsible for forming at least six research institutions in the country, of which NCBS is one.

While the initial proposal made in 1982, following a suggestion made by Prof. S. Ramaseshan, the then Director of the Indian Institute of Science, was to have a joint TIFR-IISc Centre on the IISc campus, this did not reach fruition. Then, in 1984, the Planning Commission agreed to fund a centre for fundamental research in biological sciences at Bangalore, functioning as “an autonomous unit under the aegis of TIFR and conduct fundamental research and teaching in areas of biology at the frontiers of knowledge,” as the website notes. The next few years were spent scouting for an appropriate place to set up, culminating in this 20-odd-acre campus leased from the University of Agricultural Sciences, with an MOU signed in 1991.

While NCBS technically celebrated its 25th anniversary in October 2016 since it spent its first few years at the TIFR Centre at the Indian Institute of Science Campus before moving to its current location, people began trickling in by 1998 or so.

“Depending on who you speak to, people have been living in this space for around 25 years,” says Venkat Srinivasan, who heads the Archives at NCBS, at the talk that followed the campus walk. Though he agrees it is only a rough estimate, he adds, “It is a good moment to reflect on the physical space that you inhabit daily.”

Extraordinarily particular

In this talk, augmented by audio interviews, old photographs, documents and interjections by the faculty members who were also part of the audience, Srinivasan traced the institute’s genesis and growth over the last two and a half decades. From an audio clip of an interview with Obaid Siddiqi, the co-founder and first director of NCBS, that reflects on the idea of NCBS to documents detailing the nitty-gritty aspects of lease and construction and old photographs reflecting the barrenness of the land before the institute came into being, the talk’s biggest takeaway was this. “How extraordinarily particular this group of individuals were at getting what they wanted,” he puts it.

Poornima, who was deeply entrenched in the construction process right from the start, is wont to agree. In most government institutions, she points out, the final users of the buildings, too busy with their research, give the architects instructions in one go, which goes on to be developed by the latter. In this case, however, the users were deeply involved in the process from the start to the finish. “They took away time from research and were involved at every stage,” she remembers. “They knew what they wanted.”

source/content: thehindu.com (headline edited)

KARNATAKA: POWER & ENERGY / GREEN : How Bengaluru start-ups Biome, Boson Whitewater, Tankerwala & Bluecred turn Wastewater into a Resource

Experts and start-ups alike are working on new dynamics of water management and distribution in a mission to save groundwater and leave enough for lakes and water bodies to be recharged .

Welcome to the new sustainable world where one man’s waste is another’s resource. And welcome to Bengaluru where all kinds of experiments in urban water are taking place. Focus first on S Vishwanath of Biome, the man who followed rules, collected rainwater and rooftop runoffs, stored it in tanks and reused it. Then the grey water was recycled and used for horticulture and growing vegetables on rooftops. Then he met with a number of residents’ bodies and the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) to foster partnerships which would revive not just lakes but wells and any aquifers which would save the water in the city. Today he teaches a water management course at Shiv Nadar University and is also a consultant to the BBMP.

Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are mandatory in the city for multi-storey apartment living. Today many are able to release their treated water into bio-remediation segments of the lakes where water islands and select plants clean the quality of water such that it can be released into the lake. Periodic checks are done to ensure that water quality in the lakes is of the required standards. As a result, about 100 of the 210-odd surviving lakes are in a state of reasonably good health, says Vishwanath.

Income from Wastewater

But managing lakes is a resource-intensive job and it needs more money. Here arrived the entrepreneurs who created start-ups which would address various parts of the water chain. Consider for instance Vikas Brahmavar of Boson Whitewater who works with RWAs of housing societies helping manage the excess water that comes out of the treatment. Brahmavar treats it to the right quality and sells it to bulk users such as developers and other bulk users in Bengaluru who need large quantities of clean water for construction .

Now take the case of Shravanth Donthi, co-founder and CEO of Tankerwala. Former owner of an airline in South Africa, he sold his stock and came to India to work in the water and sustainability space. When his wife and he saw tankers delivering water every other day, they built tankerwala, an app to aggregate all the water tankers on an app, during COVID. Borewells were tested and reports of the water being supplied by the tankers were issued. When real estate companies started buying 2-3 lakh litres of water a day, a quest for other sources of water started, so that groundwater could be protected. STPs in the city were generating water. Tankerwala started picking up this water and delivering it to construction companies and metro sites at Shivaji Nagar and Cantonment to contractor Afcons. They used this water for tunnel boring. For every metre, it uses 70,000-1 lakh litres of water, and for the metro network, they needed to dig tunnels of 40-50 km in the city. The first mission of using treated water was met.

For concrete applications, the water was cleaned up and met IS 456-2000 standards. Tankerwala identified the STP, deployed vehicles and supplied water. Monthly testing became the norm for RCC projects. This accounted for 3-5 lakh litres from 6-7 STPs. The challenge now was that the STP network of the city was not mapped, and water had to be supplied in a 5 km radius to remain carbon neutral on different sites.

This led to a new app called Bluecred which allowed suppliers and users to register and sell or seek water. The system matches the STP, buys water from the generators and provides the residents with enough money to manage the STP. They use 30 per cent of the water for flushing and horticulture. This dynamic grid has been very successful in those pockets where there are occupied projects and a lot of new construction taking place.

Water for the Lakes

But Dhonti and Brahmavar’s solutions became Vishwanath’s problem. Will lakes get enough water if commercial users corner the cleaned water? There was even a power plant that helped water management if a certain quantity went to them. Now an arrangement has been made to ensure the lake gets its supply and the rest is sold to the power plant.

Ultimately, the network will only grow if the sewage is treated as a resource and noat as waste. For the RWAs, it is important to find the right start-ups that would pay them the operating cost to source the excess water. For start-ups, there needs to be a documented network of STPs that they can source water from. City managers simply need to map the STPs. For the suppliers, the water volumes have to be planned area-wise so that demand can be matched to local supply to reduce carbon footprint. The lake warriors need their regular supplies to keep the lakes up and running with vibrant fish and bird populations.

Ultimately, as Vishwanath says, the plethora of organisations need to synchronise to achieve the final goal — to unlock the value of wastewater and purify it to the requirements of different user groups. As lakes recharge the water aquifers, the depletion of underground water can also be contained. This can only be a win-win situation.

source/content: moneycontrol.com (headline edited)

KARNATAKA: EDUCATION / CYBER SECURITY: National Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence set up at SJB Institute of Technology (SJBIT) in Bengaluru

Dr K V Mahendra Prashanth, Principal of SJBIT, said that the partnership with NICC will prepare students in the digital age.

Aimed at reaching a significant milestone in the field of cybersecurity education and research in India, the National Information and Cybersecurity Council (NICC) announced the establishment of the National Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence at SJB Institute of Technology (Autonomous) (SJBIT).  

Stating that the centre, which is said to be the first-of-its-kind in Karnataka, will play a pivotal role in fighting cyber threats and improving the nation’s cybersecurity capabilities, Dr Prakashnath Swamiji, Managing Director, BGS and SJB Group of Institutions, said, “The centre will provide advanced cybersecurity training to students, professionals and different organisations. It will provide cutting-edge research which will strengthen national cybersecurity.”

He said that the centre will also have partnerships with various industries and have a community outreach to raise awareness about cybersecurity and also help students in job placement.

Dr K V Mahendra Prashanth, Principal of SJBIT, said that the partnership with NICC will prepare students in the digital age.

The programmes under this initiative will benefit students from various educational institutions from Karnataka and other states. “This partnership with SJBIT reflects our collective dedication to nurturing cybersecurity expertise and enhancing the nation’s cybersecurity posture,” said P Arjun, head of research and operations at NICC. 

source/content: newindianexpress.com (headline edited)

KARNATAKA: HORTICULTURE / GARDEN: CM Opens Mysuru City’s First Botanical Garden – The 15-acre Lingambudhi Lake Botanical Garden

Chief Minister Siddharamaiah inaugurated the Mysuru city’s first Lingambudhi Lake Botanical Garden at Srirampura II Stage, Ramakrishnanagar, this morning.

The garden, spread over 15-acre area, is developed at an estimated cost of Rs. 4 crore and has over 300 plant varieties, including medicinal plants.

The Chief Minister and dignitaries, who went around the garden on a battery-operated vehicle, also released the pamphlets on Geographical Indicator (GI) products of Mysuru like Nanjangud Rasabale, Mysore Veelyedele (Betel leaves), Mysore Mallige (Jasmine) and several other farm produces.

Horticulture Minister S.S. Mallikarjun, Mysuru District Minister Dr. H.C. Mahadevappa, Minister for Animal Husbandry K. Venkatesh, MLAs K. Harishgowda and D. Ravishankar and others were present.  A topiary at the Botanical Garden.

source/content: starofmysore.com (headline edited)

NATIONAL / KARNATAKA: BUSINESS / FINANCE : Kannadiga Nikhil Kamath becomes Youngest Billionaire of India at 37

The company which Nikhil Kamath and Nitin Kamath have built has booked a profit of more than Rs 2000 crore.

Kamath is originally from Karnataka. They started Zerodha, a fintech company in 2010. They needed funds to build the company. However, with their talent and hard work they made up for the lack of education.

Nikhil Kamath was topper in the Hurun India Rich List of 2022. His net profit was Rs 17,500 crore at that time. He became a billionaire when he was just 34 in 2021.

Nikhil did not like to go to school when he was young. He dropped out of school as he was not allowed to take 10th grade board exams.

At the age of 17, Nikhil joined a call centre for just Rs 8,000 salary. But he began to deal in shares at the age of 18. This was a major turning point in his life.

In 2010, Nikhil along with his brother Nitin founded Zerodha, a company, which gave support, cost and technical support to businessmen and investors. They also founded a Hedge fund called True Bekan.

The company made a profit of Rs 2094 crore. The company does not have any employees that are qualified from IIT or IIM. It has one crore users.

Now Nitin and Nikhil have a salary package of Rs 100 crore each. Nikil is ranked 40th in the list of richest people of India. According to Forbes, the net value of Kamath brothers is USD 5.5 billion at present.

source/content: daijiworld.com (headline edited)

INTERNATIONAL / NATIONAL / KARNATAKA: ARTS & CULTURE / PHOTOGRAPHY: Bengaluru’s 10-year-old Vihaan Talya Vikas Bags Best Award in ‘Wildlife Photographer of the Year (WPY) organised by the National History Museum, London

A total of 50,000 images were submitted, out of which top 100 were considered for the competition and 11 were chosen in different categories, with Vihaan winning the under-10 category award.

10-year-old Vihaan Talya Vikas from Bengaluru, was awarded the best photographer in his category at the prestigious Wildlife Photographer of the Year (WPY) competition held in London.

Organised by the Natural History Museum, London, the competition showcases the finest wildlife photography from around the world. The event is also considered as the ‘Oscars of Photography’. Vihaan’s photo of a spider along with Krishna’s carving clicked on the outskirts of the city and helped him bag the award.

Inspired by his father’s passion for wildlife photography, Vihaan said, “I am very happy and excited to receive this award. I like doing photography because it helps us think creatively and connect with nature.”


The competition this year saw submissions from 95 countries in different categories. A total of 50,000 images were submitted, out of which the top 100 were considered for the competition and 11 were chosen in different categories, with Vihaan winning the under-10 category award.

Vihaan’s image will be part of the WPY59 collection and will be presented in the Wildlife Photographer of the Year Exhibition at the Natural History Museum, which will tour around 25 venues across 4 continents to create awareness about the protection of wildlife.

A student of Kumarans School, Vihaan’s journey began at the age of 7, under the guidance of his father.


Dhritiman Mukherjee, Wildlife and Conservation Photographer and Competition Judge, said, “Vihaan’s image served the purpose of art, concept, conservation and science very nicely.” He also appreciated the young boy’s thought process behind it and the composition of the image.

source/content: newindianexpress.com (headline edited)

INTERNATIONAL / NATIONAL – KARNATAKA: Bengaluru-based students get United Nations (UN) Recognition for efforts to tackle poverty on October 17th the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.

United Nations (UN) has recognised the efforts of Bengaluru-based students to tackle poverty among internal migrants in India, on the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.

The United Nations (UN) has recognised the efforts of Bengaluru-based students to tackle poverty among internal migrants in India, on the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, October 17.

Kristu Jayanti College, a member institution of the United Nations Academic Impact (UNAI) in India, introduced an ‘adult literacy and migrant labour’ as a general elective this academic year to create better understanding of community-related issues.

Under the leadership of Assistant Professor Dr Juby Thomas, students analysed employment stability, emotional well-being, financial literacy, substance abuse, digital safety awareness, food and nutrition, among the internal migrants. This research provides a grassroots-level understanding of issues affecting internal migrant communities, emphasising the need for all-round support. “The efforts of these students are a testament to the potential of higher education institutions to drive positive change,” he explained.

In the second phase, students designed awareness campaigns. “Our students started a campaign with the theme Sip Right, Live Bright, to empower internal migrants to access and utilise safe and clean water sources. This initiative seeks to educate migrants on purifying water independently,” Dr Augustine George, Principal of Kristu Jayanti College, said.

Through live demonstrations, students could explain the usage of simple purification methods. Students are designing adult literacy plans in the third phase, understanding how adults equipped to read, write and comprehend information can access opportunities. Rudri Dave, Department of Psychology, said, “Through this course, I have learned that comprehending human behaviour and motivation is essential when tackling social and public health issues.”

source/content: newindianexpress.com (headline edited)